Everything about Nagaoka-ky totally explained
was the
capital of Japan from
784 to
794. Its location was reported as
Otokuni District,
Yamashiro Province, and
Nagaokakyo, Kyoto, which prior to becoming a city was in that district, took its name from the capital. Parts of the capital were in what is now the city of Nagaokakyo, while other parts were in the present-day
Mukō and
Nishikyō-ku in the city of
Kyoto.
In 784, the
Emperor Kammu moved the capital from
Nara (then called Heijō). According to the
Shoku Nihongi, his reason for moving was that the new location had better water transportation routes. Other explanations have been given, including the wish to escape the power of the
Buddhist clergy and courtiers, and the backing of the immigrants from whom his mother was descended.
In 785, the administrator in charge of the new capital,
Fujiwara no Tanetsugu, was assassinated. The emperor's brother,
Prince Sawara, was implicated, exiled to
Awaji Province, and died on the way there.
In 794, Emperor Kammu moved the capital to Heian (in the center of the present-day city of Kyoto). Reasons cited for this move include frequent flooding of the rivers that had promised better transportation; disease caused by the flooding, affecting the empress and crown prince; and fear of the spirit of the late Prince Sawara.
Excavations begun in 1954 revealed the remains of a gate to the imperial residence.
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